Is it at all likely that if the valve did hit the piston it wouldn't have actually bent it but just pushed the valve a bit further back then it was suppose to while it was out?
No, as it has no where to go. On the top it has the shim/camshaft pushing down on it, and on the bottom it has the piston pushing up on it. It's basically getting double teamed. If you didn't bend a valve, you cracked a guide.
Here's what I'd do.
1) Re-set timing
2) Pull out the spark plugs
3) Turn the engine over. Should take little to no force with the plugs removed.
4) If you find it catches/wants to stop easily rotating then you've bent the valves.
5) If it turns over easily, put the plugs back in and fire it up.
6) If you're still worried about bent valves compression test it.
In my opinion you've bent the valves. Not a lot of interference engines can turn over with the crank being off 90 degrees and still have the valves clear the pistons.